Sea Star Wasting Syndrome
In 2013, sea star wasting syndrome (SSWS) devastated sea star populations along the west coast of North America. The sunflower star (Pycnopodia helianthoides), once abundant from Alaska to Baja California, was among the hardest hit—becoming locally extinct in shallow coastal waters. As a keystone predator, sunflower stars play a vital role in regulating sea urchin populations and maintaining healthy kelp forests. Without them, urchin populations exploded, leading to widespread kelp forest decline.
To help restore this balance, Seatrees has partnered with the Sunflower Star Laboratory who has been developing aquaculture protocols and coordinating captive breeding for sunflower stars. The long-term goal is to establish sustainable aquaculture and reintroduce these critical predators to the wild, supporting the recovery and resilience of kelp forest ecosystems.
Restoring Sunflower Stars to Save California's Kelp
For more than a century, California’s kelp forests have been steadily declining. In Southern California, more than half of historic kelp cover has disappeared, while Northern California has lost over 96% in the past decade alone. One major driver of this collapse was the disappearance of sunflower stars during the 2013–2014 sea star wasting disease outbreak.
Sunflower stars are a keystone predator in kelp forest ecosystems. Before their decline, these large sea stars kept purple sea urchin populations in check. Without them, urchins multiplied rapidly and overgrazed kelp forests, transforming thriving habitats into barren seafloors.
Seatrees is helping bring this critical predator back by supporting the recovery of the endangered sunflower star. Through our partnership with the Sunflower Star Lab, we are funding the lab’s “kitchen”—the food systems needed to raise healthy young sea stars for future reintroduction.
As juvenile sea stars grow into hungry teenagers, they must be fed the same prey they will encounter in the wild, including purple urchins and abalone. Supporting this food production ensures the lab can raise strong, resilient sea stars capable of helping restore balance to kelp forest ecosystems.
Your donation helps keep the Seatrees Snack Shack stocked, providing the meals these growing sea stars need to thrive—and one day return to the ocean to help kelp forests recover.
Sunflower Star Laboratory
Sunflower Star Laboratory is a Monterey-based non-profit committed to researching and developing reliable and scalable sustainable conservation aquaculture methods for sunflower star (Pycnopodia helianthoides) conservation and reintroduction.
Their mission is to protect the diversity of coastal ecosystems by supporting research and developing scalable sustainable conservation aquaculture methods to restore sunflower stars to their historic range in California.
Sustainable Development at Moss Landing
Seatrees supports the kelp forest restoration and research efforts by the Sunflower Star Laboratory by funding core lab operations, enabling long-term sunflower star aquaculture, recovery research, and the cultivation of Pycnopodia and other local echinoderms.
Key Impact Metrics
- 96% kelp loss in Northern California over the past decade underscores urgent need for restoration.
- Sunflower stars (a keystone predator soon to be listed as threatened) are being bred in captivity to restore urchin control and kelp forest balance.
- Community benefits include local jobs, training, workshops, and educational tours, with ~50/50 gender representation.
- Biodiversity impact: healthy kelp forests support 1,000+ species and strengthen coastal ecosystems.
Decent Work and Economic Growth
Kelp forest restoration helps support local ecotourism and fishing communities.
Climate Action
Macroalgae such as kelp sequester large amount of carbon.
Lief Below Water
Kelp forests are biodiversity hotspots that sustain 1000+ organisms.